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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Ray / All,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Several years I did some extensive testing
on the effects of deemphasis on received AX25 signals at APRS digipeaters.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I found that the digipeaters reception and
decoding of data worked best (1 to 2 db better) when the deemphasis was
bypassed. This was the case for both preephasised and non-preephasised
transmitted signals. This is partly explained by the fact that most TNC (especially
the MFJs) require the high tone of the received audio to be louder than the low
tone for correct decoding. Especially for weak signals.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I also looked at the output of the Kenwood
D7 & D700 and found that they only used a 3db per octave preephasised / deemphasis
on the data TX / RX.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>All VK3 digipeaters have been modified to
bypass the preephasised / deemphasis to obtain the better receive performance.
The other advantage of this is that we bypassed the audio volume control and squelch
circuitry which makes the digi on the hill less prone to accidentally adjustments.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Cheers<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Richard<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>VK3JFK<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:windowtext;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;color:windowtext'> ozaprs-bounces@aprs.net.au
[mailto:ozaprs-bounces@aprs.net.au] <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf
Of </span></b>Ray Wells<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Thursday, 18 February 2010
1:15 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">Australian
APRS Users</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [OZAPRS] Setting up
TT4 Tx on 2m</span></font><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>David/All,<br>
<br>
I'm not suggesting your problem is tone level related but failure to grasp the
following is arguably responsible for more TNC decode issues than any other
cause.<br>
<br>
The need for "twist" adjustment depends on the radio hardware
involved so a brief discussion is probably in order.<br>
<br>
The "norm" for an FM/PM radio is to apply 6dB (x2) per octave of
preemphasis in the transmitter. For packet, this results in the high tone
(2200Hz) having twice (near enough) the deviation as the low tone (1200). In
the receiver deemphasis is applied which restores the audio to a
"flat" condition, i.e. both tones going to the TNC have the same
level.<br>
<br>
If TNC audio is fed into the microphone socket you can depend on 6dB per octave
preemphasis. However, if the TNC audio is fed in further down the tx audio
chain, such as the audio injection point for tone signalling, preemphasis will
not be applied in the tx and should be applied externally - with twist, in the
case of the TT4.<br>
<br>
Going to the receiver again, if it receives a signal without preemphasis, it
will still apply deemphasis (assuming audio is taken after deemphasis),
resulting in the high tone being just half the level of the low tone when fed
to the TNC. FSK demodulators based on the the exar pair 2206/2211 will
not decode if the high tone is lower in amplitude than the low tone, by even a
very small amount.<br>
<br>
If rx audio is taken from the demodulator in the radio, i.e. before deemphasis,
the preceding is not a problem because audio that is transmitted
"flat" will be decoded "flat".<br>
<br>
The exar chip set (found in genuine TNC2 TNC's) is not disturbed by high
tone being considerably higher in amplitude than the low tone.<br>
<br>
In summary, every tx should employ preemphasis, regardless of it being
generated internally, or externally. That will eliminate any decode problems in
TNC's with finicky chip sets because high tone will always be the same level
as, or higher than, the low tone coming out of the rx.<br>
<br>
David, is TXD 60 60mS or 600mS? Although TXD provides time for your tx to stabilise
before valid data is sent, it can also have an impact on the remote rx in cases
where muted audio is being used for the TNC. There are some very sluggish
receivers kicking about and TXD needs to be long enough for that rx to unmute.
My Icon handheld scanner is pathetic in this regard, with the mute being so
slow that I can miss at least half of the digi beacon, even when I'm at the
digi site.<br>
<br>
Get that CRO working and save your hair, lest you should end up like me <span
class=moz-smiley-s1>:-) </span><br>
<br>
Ray vk2tv<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
David and Justine Olsen wrote: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>I am presently running TxD of 60 and TXTWIST of 50.
I've tried a range of TXTWIST but none sound too different <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>David<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>On 18 Feb 2010, at 00:36, Scott Evans wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><br>
ABAUD is just the speed set for serial port 1 ... what TXDELAY are you running?
because depending on how quick you radio is you may need to lengthen the delay
a little, also check the TXTWIST setting too, this controls the level between
the 1200Hz & 2200Hz tones.<br>
<br>
On Wed, 2010-02-17 at 21:51 +1000, David and Justine Olsen wrote: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<pre><font size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>ABAUD is set to 19200<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>On 17 Feb 2010, at 21:37, Norm, VK3XCI wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>> Sort of like 9600 baud?<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>> 73 de Norm, VK3XCI<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>> <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Mildura</st1:City>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>> The <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Wintersun</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">City</st1:PlaceType></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>> QF15bt.<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>> David and Justine Olsen wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> I've gone through all of the TT4 audio adjustments as explained in<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> the help docs by listening on another set, but still no success being<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> received by any digis.<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> One thing that has me curious, is the the squak from my Tx sounds<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> nothing like those from others. The others are a deehdaaah kind of<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> sound with two distinctly different tones ate the beginning and end<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> tone, whereas mine is a sqaaaark :-) of mixed tones at the same time.<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> David<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> VK4MDX<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> _______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> OZAPRS mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> <a
href="mailto:OZAPRS@aprs.net.au" moz-do-not-send=true>OZAPRS@aprs.net.au</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> <a
href="http://lists.aprs.net.au/mailman/listinfo/ozaprs" moz-do-not-send=true>http://lists.aprs.net.au/mailman/listinfo/ozaprs</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> --------------------------------------------------------------------- <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> ---<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> No virus found in this incoming message.<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> Checked by AVG - <a
href="http://www.avg.com" moz-do-not-send=true>www.avg.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> Version: 9.0.733 / Virus Database: 271.1.1/2692 - Release Date: <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>> 02/17/10 06:35:00<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>> _______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>> OZAPRS mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>> <a
href="mailto:OZAPRS@aprs.net.au" moz-do-not-send=true>OZAPRS@aprs.net.au</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>> <a
href="http://lists.aprs.net.au/mailman/listinfo/ozaprs" moz-do-not-send=true>http://lists.aprs.net.au/mailman/listinfo/ozaprs</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>OZAPRS mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><a
href="mailto:OZAPRS@aprs.net.au" moz-do-not-send=true>OZAPRS@aprs.net.au</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><a
href="http://lists.aprs.net.au/mailman/listinfo/ozaprs" moz-do-not-send=true>http://lists.aprs.net.au/mailman/listinfo/ozaprs</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></pre>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%"
style='width:100.0%'>
<tr>
<td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>-- <br>
Scott Evans <<a href="mailto:scott@vk7hse.hobby-site.org"
moz-do-not-send=true>scott@vk7hse.hobby-site.org</a>> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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style='font-size:12.0pt'><br>
-- This email and any files transmitted with it are confidential and intended
solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom they are addressed. If
you have received this email in error please notify the system manager. This
message contains confidential information and is intended only for the
individual named. If you are not the named addressee you should not
disseminate, distribute or copy this e-mail. Please notify the sender
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this e-mail from your system. If you are not the intended recipient you are
notified that disclosing, copying, distributing or taking any action in
reliance on the contents of this information is strictly prohibited. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>OZAPRS mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><a href="mailto:OZAPRS@aprs.net.au"
moz-do-not-send=true>OZAPRS@aprs.net.au</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><a
href="http://lists.aprs.net.au/mailman/listinfo/ozaprs" moz-do-not-send=true>http://lists.aprs.net.au/mailman/listinfo/ozaprs</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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